Data Science Desktop Survival Guide by Graham Williams
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Plotting Regions

Raw The basic concept of R's graphics model is that a plot is built up layer by layer. Each latter component of the plot overlays earlier components. A plot also has two components. The plotting area is identified by through the []usr parameter, as 4 numbers $x_1$, $x_2$, $y_1$, and $y_2$. You can retrieve the current plotting region (which is defined by the first component of a plot) with:

> plot(rnorm(10))
> par("usr")
[1]  0.640000 10.360000 -1.390595  1.153828

The whole figure itself will encompass the plotting region and the region around the plot used to add axis information and labels. Outside of the figure region is the device region. Normally, adding components to a plot, outside of the plotting region, will have no effect—they will be cropped. To ensure they do not get cropped, set the graphic parameter []xpd to TRUE:

> par(xpd=TRUE)